ARCHIVES
Year 2026 · Volume 6 · Issue 5
Original Article
Rural Existence and Moral Economy in William Wordsworth’s “Michael”
Nongthombam Menan Luwang1
1 Research Scholar, Department of English, Khongnangthaba University, Imphal, Manipur, India.
Published Online: September-October 2026
Pages: 26-33
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijrtmr.20260605003
References
[1]. Alpers, Paul. “What Is Pastoral?” Critical Inquiry, vol. 8, no. 3, 1982, pp. 437–460.
[2]. Eilenberg, Susan. “‘Michael,’ ‘Christabel,’ and the Poetry of Possession.” Criticism, vol. 30, no. 2, 1988, pp. 205–224.
[3]. Jones, Mark. “Double Economics: Ambivalence in Wordsworth’s Pastoral.” PMLA, vol. 108, no. 5, 1993, pp. 1098–1113.
[4]. Levinson, Marjorie. “Spiritual Economics: A Reading of Wordsworth’s ‘Michael.’” ELH, vol. 52, no. 3, 1985, pp. 707–731.
[5]. Luzzi, Joseph. “The Work of Genre: Labor, Identity, and Modern Capital in Wordsworth and Verga.” PMLA, vol. 127, no. 4, 2012, pp.
925–931.
[6]. Manning, Peter J. “Michael, Luke, and Wordsworth.” Reading Romantics: Texts and Contexts, Oxford University Press, 1990, pp. 35–
52.
[7]. Pepper, W. Thomas. “The Ideology of Wordsworth’s ‘Michael: A Pastoral Poem.’” Criticism, vol. 31, no. 4, 1989, pp. 367–382.
[8]. Peterfreund, Stuart. “Wordsworth on Covenants, ‘Heart Conditions,’ Primogeniture, Remains, and the Ties That Bind in ‘Michael’ and
Elsewhere.” Criticism, vol. 40, no. 2, 1998, pp. 191–215.
[9]. Shin, Sung Jin. “Recounting the Past: Narratives of the Marginalized and Affective Education in Wordsworth’s ‘Michael.’” Journal of
English Language and Literature, vol. 70, no. 4, 2024, pp. 775–797.
[10]. Simpson, David. Wordsworth, Commodification, and Social Concern: The Poetics of Modernity. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
[11]. Stafford, Fiona. “Plain Living and Ungarnish’d Stories: Wordsworth and the Survival of Pastoral.” The Review of English Studies, vol.
59, no. 238, 2008, pp. 118–133.
[12]. Thompson, E. P. “The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century.” Past & Present, no. 50, 1971, pp. 76–136.
[13]. Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City. Chatto & Windus, 1973.
[14]. Wordsworth, William. “Michael: A Pastoral Poem.” Lyrical Ballads, with Other Poems, vol. 2, T. N. Longman and O. Rees, 1800.
[15]. Wordsworth, William. The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth. Vol. 1, The Early Years: 1787–1805, edited by Ernest de
Selincourt, revised by Chester L. Shaver, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1967.
[2]. Eilenberg, Susan. “‘Michael,’ ‘Christabel,’ and the Poetry of Possession.” Criticism, vol. 30, no. 2, 1988, pp. 205–224.
[3]. Jones, Mark. “Double Economics: Ambivalence in Wordsworth’s Pastoral.” PMLA, vol. 108, no. 5, 1993, pp. 1098–1113.
[4]. Levinson, Marjorie. “Spiritual Economics: A Reading of Wordsworth’s ‘Michael.’” ELH, vol. 52, no. 3, 1985, pp. 707–731.
[5]. Luzzi, Joseph. “The Work of Genre: Labor, Identity, and Modern Capital in Wordsworth and Verga.” PMLA, vol. 127, no. 4, 2012, pp.
925–931.
[6]. Manning, Peter J. “Michael, Luke, and Wordsworth.” Reading Romantics: Texts and Contexts, Oxford University Press, 1990, pp. 35–
52.
[7]. Pepper, W. Thomas. “The Ideology of Wordsworth’s ‘Michael: A Pastoral Poem.’” Criticism, vol. 31, no. 4, 1989, pp. 367–382.
[8]. Peterfreund, Stuart. “Wordsworth on Covenants, ‘Heart Conditions,’ Primogeniture, Remains, and the Ties That Bind in ‘Michael’ and
Elsewhere.” Criticism, vol. 40, no. 2, 1998, pp. 191–215.
[9]. Shin, Sung Jin. “Recounting the Past: Narratives of the Marginalized and Affective Education in Wordsworth’s ‘Michael.’” Journal of
English Language and Literature, vol. 70, no. 4, 2024, pp. 775–797.
[10]. Simpson, David. Wordsworth, Commodification, and Social Concern: The Poetics of Modernity. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
[11]. Stafford, Fiona. “Plain Living and Ungarnish’d Stories: Wordsworth and the Survival of Pastoral.” The Review of English Studies, vol.
59, no. 238, 2008, pp. 118–133.
[12]. Thompson, E. P. “The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century.” Past & Present, no. 50, 1971, pp. 76–136.
[13]. Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City. Chatto & Windus, 1973.
[14]. Wordsworth, William. “Michael: A Pastoral Poem.” Lyrical Ballads, with Other Poems, vol. 2, T. N. Longman and O. Rees, 1800.
[15]. Wordsworth, William. The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth. Vol. 1, The Early Years: 1787–1805, edited by Ernest de
Selincourt, revised by Chester L. Shaver, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1967.
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