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Original Article

Cryptocurrency in the Digital Economy: A Critical Analysis of Technological Foundations, Evolutionary Trends, and Macroeconomic Implications

  • Paper ID 190
  • Volume 5, Issue 3
  • Pages 157-160
  • Published Online: May-June 2025
  • 2 Views
Open Access Peer Reviewed Crossref DOI

Authors

  • Anil Kumar1
  • Shiv Kumar2

1Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Government College Nalwa, Hisar, India. 2Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Government College Hansi, Hisar, India.

Article Information

Published Online
May-June 2025
Pages
157-160
Article Type
Original Article
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References

1. Antonopoulos, A. M. (2017). Mastering Bitcoin: Unlocking digital cryptocurrencies (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media.
2. Bank for International Settlements. (2021). CBDCs: Opportunities, challenges and design. https://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap125.pdf
3. Catalini, C., & Gans, J. S. (2016). Some simple economics of the blockchain. MIT Sloan Research Paper No. 5191-16.
https://ssrn.com/abstract=2874598
4. Chainalysis. (2023). Crypto crime report. https://www.chainalysis.com/reports/
5. CoinDesk. (2023). Crypto adoption index. https://www.coindesk.com/research
6. European Central Bank. (2021). the digital euro – Opportunities and risks.
https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/ecb.exploringdigital.euro2021~3aa1d09860.en.pdf
7. Gans, J. S. (2019). The case for an ICO: Building and funding crypto ventures in the 21st century. Innovation Policy and the Economy,
19(1), 69–93. https://doi.org/10.1086/699933
8. International Monetary Fund. (2022). the impact of cryptocurrencies on monetary policy.
https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2022
9. Investopedia. (2024). How Bitcoin transactions work. https://www.investopedia.com/tech/how-do-bitcoin-transactions-work/
10. Narayanan, A., Bonneau, J., Felten, E. W., Miller, A., & Goldfeder, S. (2016). Bitcoin and cryptocurrency technologies: A comprehensive
introduction. Princeton University Press.
11. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf
12. OECD. (2022). Crypto-assets: Key developments, regulatory concerns and responses. https://www.oecd.org/finance/crypto-assets-key-
developments.htm
13. Reserve Bank of India. (2022). Report on currency and finance: Cryptocurrencies and central bank digital currencies.
https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/PublicationReportDetails.aspx?UrlPage=&ID=1206
14. Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2016). Blockchain revolution: How the technology behind Bitcoin is changing money, business, and the
world. Portfolio/Penguin.
15. Tapscott, D., & Tapscott, A. (2017). Blockchain research institute reports. https://www.blockchainresearchinstitute.org/
16. World Bank. (2022). the role of digital currencies in financial inclusion. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialinclusion
17. Yermack, D. (2015). Is Bitcoin a real currency? An economic appraisal. Handbook of Digital Currency, 31–43.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802117-0.00002-3
18. Zohar, A. (2015). Bitcoin: Under the hood. Communications of the ACM, 58(9), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1145/2701411
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