Current - Issue
Year 2026 · Volume 6 · Issue 5
Original Article
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Variability of Rainfall in North-Western Rajasthan, India (1991–2024)
Arshdeep Singh1
Apperdeep Kaur2
1 Junior Research Fellow, Department of Geography, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Punjabi University Patiala, Punjab, India.
Published Online: September-October 2026
Pages: 221-228
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijrtmr.20260605025References
1. Agrawal, A., Kothari, M., Jaiswal, R. K., Singh, P. K., Bhakar, S. R., Yadav, K. K., & Jain, S. K. Spatio-temporal variability and trend
analysis of long-term rainfall in Parbati River Basin, Rajasthan. Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India), 2024, 61(2).
https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2024612.1848
2. Ali, M., Joardar, D., & Loe, B. R. Variability of southwest monsoon over Rajasthan and Kerala. MAUSAM, 2005, 56(3), 593–600.
https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v56i3.989
3. Chaudhary, V., & Satheeshkumar, S. Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in arid areas of Rajasthan,
India. Applied Water Science, 2018, 8, 218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0865-9
4. Climate Hazards Center. Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), version 2.0. ,2015 University of California,
Santa Barbara.
5. Das, J., Mandal, T., Saha, P., & Bhattacharya, S. K. Variability and trends of rainfall using non-parametric approaches: A case study of
semi-arid area. MAUSAM, 2020,71(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v71i1.4
6. Funk, C., et al. The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations—A new environmental record for monitoring extremes. Scientific
Data, 2015, 2, 150066. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.66
7. Joseph, S., et al. Increased summer monsoon rainfall over Northwest India caused by Hadley cell expansion and Indian Ocean warming.
Geophysical Research Letters, 2024, 51, e2024GL108829. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108829
8. Kharol, S. K., Kaskaoutis, D. G., Badarinath, K. V. S., Sharma, A. R., & Singh, R. P. Influence of land use/land cover (LULC) changes
on atmospheric dynamics over the arid region of Rajasthan state, India. Journal of Arid Environments, 2013,88, 90–101.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.09.006
9. Mazumdar, A. B. Southwest monsoon rainfall in India: Part I—Spatial variability. MAUSAM, 1998, 49(1), 71–78.
https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v49i1.3600
10. Mehta, D., Caloiero, T., Yadav, S., & Kumar, V. Rainfall temporal variability and drought analysis by means of the Standardized
Precipitation Index in Ganganagar District, Rajasthan, India. Frontiers in Climate, 2025, 7, 1702356.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.170235611. Monir, M. M., & Sarker, S. C. Analyzing post-2000 groundwater level and rainfall changes in Rajasthan, India, using well observations
and GRACE data. Heliyon, 2024, 10(2), e24481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24481
12. Pingale, S. M., Khare, D., Jat, M. K., & Adamowski, J. Spatial and temporal trends of mean and extreme rainfall and temperature for the
33 urban centers of the arid and semi-arid state of Rajasthan, India. Atmospheric Research, 2014, 138, 73–90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.10.024
13. Porwal, V., & Choudhary, M. P. Investigating variations and trend analysis for temperature and precipitation as a result of climate change
in Rajasthan, India. Journal of Climate Change, 2023, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.3233/JCC230022
14. Rathore, V., Singh, J., Meel, B., & Nathawat, N. Agronomic and economic performances of different cropping systems in a hot, arid
environment: A case study from North-western Rajasthan, India. Journal of Arid Environments, 2014, 105, 75–90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.02.017
15. Singh, R. B., & Kumar, A. Climate variability and water resource scarcity in drylands of Rajasthan, India. Geoenvironmental Disasters,
2015, 2, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-015-0018-5
16. Singh, R., Jaiswal, N., & Kishtawal, C. M. Rising surface pressure over Tibetan Plateau strengthens Indian summer monsoon rainfall over
northwestern India. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12, 8621. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12523-8
17. Survey of India. Survey of India: National Survey and Mapping Organisation of India. Government of India, 2025.
analysis of long-term rainfall in Parbati River Basin, Rajasthan. Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India), 2024, 61(2).
https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2024612.1848
2. Ali, M., Joardar, D., & Loe, B. R. Variability of southwest monsoon over Rajasthan and Kerala. MAUSAM, 2005, 56(3), 593–600.
https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v56i3.989
3. Chaudhary, V., & Satheeshkumar, S. Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in arid areas of Rajasthan,
India. Applied Water Science, 2018, 8, 218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0865-9
4. Climate Hazards Center. Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), version 2.0. ,2015 University of California,
Santa Barbara.
5. Das, J., Mandal, T., Saha, P., & Bhattacharya, S. K. Variability and trends of rainfall using non-parametric approaches: A case study of
semi-arid area. MAUSAM, 2020,71(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v71i1.4
6. Funk, C., et al. The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations—A new environmental record for monitoring extremes. Scientific
Data, 2015, 2, 150066. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.66
7. Joseph, S., et al. Increased summer monsoon rainfall over Northwest India caused by Hadley cell expansion and Indian Ocean warming.
Geophysical Research Letters, 2024, 51, e2024GL108829. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108829
8. Kharol, S. K., Kaskaoutis, D. G., Badarinath, K. V. S., Sharma, A. R., & Singh, R. P. Influence of land use/land cover (LULC) changes
on atmospheric dynamics over the arid region of Rajasthan state, India. Journal of Arid Environments, 2013,88, 90–101.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.09.006
9. Mazumdar, A. B. Southwest monsoon rainfall in India: Part I—Spatial variability. MAUSAM, 1998, 49(1), 71–78.
https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v49i1.3600
10. Mehta, D., Caloiero, T., Yadav, S., & Kumar, V. Rainfall temporal variability and drought analysis by means of the Standardized
Precipitation Index in Ganganagar District, Rajasthan, India. Frontiers in Climate, 2025, 7, 1702356.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.170235611. Monir, M. M., & Sarker, S. C. Analyzing post-2000 groundwater level and rainfall changes in Rajasthan, India, using well observations
and GRACE data. Heliyon, 2024, 10(2), e24481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24481
12. Pingale, S. M., Khare, D., Jat, M. K., & Adamowski, J. Spatial and temporal trends of mean and extreme rainfall and temperature for the
33 urban centers of the arid and semi-arid state of Rajasthan, India. Atmospheric Research, 2014, 138, 73–90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.10.024
13. Porwal, V., & Choudhary, M. P. Investigating variations and trend analysis for temperature and precipitation as a result of climate change
in Rajasthan, India. Journal of Climate Change, 2023, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.3233/JCC230022
14. Rathore, V., Singh, J., Meel, B., & Nathawat, N. Agronomic and economic performances of different cropping systems in a hot, arid
environment: A case study from North-western Rajasthan, India. Journal of Arid Environments, 2014, 105, 75–90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2014.02.017
15. Singh, R. B., & Kumar, A. Climate variability and water resource scarcity in drylands of Rajasthan, India. Geoenvironmental Disasters,
2015, 2, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-015-0018-5
16. Singh, R., Jaiswal, N., & Kishtawal, C. M. Rising surface pressure over Tibetan Plateau strengthens Indian summer monsoon rainfall over
northwestern India. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12, 8621. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12523-8
17. Survey of India. Survey of India: National Survey and Mapping Organisation of India. Government of India, 2025.
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