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2. Journalistsresource.org. How AI-generated deepfakes threaten the 2024 election. Harvard Shorenstein Center; 2024. Available: journalistsresource.org
3. Africa in Fact. The challenges of AI-driven political disinformation in Nigeria. Good Governance Africa; 2024. Available: africainfact.com
4. Dubawa. Analysis: Social media users deploy ethnic hate speech, disinformation ahead of Nigeria’s 2027 elections. Dubawa; 2025. Available: dubawa.org
5. Oyediji O. AI in Nigerian Elections: Tool for Safeguarding Democracy or Weapon for Deepfakes and Disinformation. Nepal J Multidiscip Res. 2025;8(3):89–108.
6. Techpoint Africa. AI could disrupt Nigeria’s 2027 election and the country is not ready. Techpoint Africa; 2026. Available: techpoint.africa
7. TheCable. The invisible AI threat to Nigeria’s 2027 elections. TheCable; 2026. Available: thecable.ng
8. Legit.ng. How malicious AI networks will threaten Nigeria’s 2027 elections. Legit.ng; 2026. Available: legit.ng
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10. Federal Republic of Nigeria. Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, Etc.) Act, 2015. Abuja: Government Printer; 2015.
11. BusinessDay. Artificial intelligence, electoral integrity, and the risk of manipulation of Nigeria’s 2027 general elections in perspective. BusinessDay; 2026. Available: businessday.ng
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17. Dubawa. AI-generated disinformation looms ahead of Nigeria’s 2027 elections. Dubawa; 2025. Available: dubawa.org
18. TechCabal. Preparing for Nigerian elections in a world of AI deepfakes. TechCabal; 2025. Available: techcabal.com
19. Journalistsresource.org. Global deepfake elections roundup. Harvard Shorenstein Center; 2024.
20. The Nation. Malicious AI swarms and 2027 elections. The Nation Newspaper; 2026. Available: thenationonlineng.net
21. Vaccari C, Chadwick A. Deepfakes and disinformation: Exploring the impact of synthetic political video on deception, uncertainty, and trust in news. Soc Media Soc. 2020;6(1):2056305120903408.
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25. Pasipamire N, Muroyiwa A. Navigating algorithm bias in AI: ensuring fairness and trust in Africa. Front Res Metr Anal. 2024. doi:10.3389/frma.2024.1486600.
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