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Review Article

Demographic Modulators of Cardiometabolic Risk: A Comprehensive Review of Lipid, Glycemic, and Inflammatory Biomarkers

  • Paper ID 236
  • Volume 5, Issue 6
  • Pages 71-78
  • Published Online: November-December 2025
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Authors

  • Mohammad Rehan1
  • Rekha Sirohi2
  • Zeeshan Ali3
  • Umesh Kumar4

1 3 PhD Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Sir Syad Faculty of Sciences, Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sir Syad Faculty of Sciences, Mohammad Ali Jauhar University, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India. 4 Associate Professor, College of allied Health Care Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Article Information

Published Online
November-December 2025
Pages
71-78
Article Type
Review Article
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Abstract

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Non-communicable lifestyle diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome, represent the predominant causes of morbidity and mortality in modern populations, accounting for approximately 75% of global deaths. The pathophysiological basis of these conditions involves dysregulation of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, manifesting through measurable biochemical markers. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence regarding the diagnostic and prognostic utility of lipid and glycemic biomarkers, with particular emphasis on how demographic variables—including chronological age, biological sex, socioeconomic positioning, and geographic residence—systematically modulate biomarker expression and disease susceptibility. By integrating biomarker interpretation within a demographic framework, this review articulates pathways for enhanced clinical risk stratification and therapeutically targeted interventions.

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  • ISSN 2583-0368
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