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The growing emphasis on sustainable and environmentally benign technologies has led to increased interest in biosynthesis methods for metal oxide nanoparticles. Nanoparticles, in particular, have attracted attention due to their significant role in environmental remediation. This review explores the green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant-derived extracts, especially Moringa oleifera, which acts as both a reducing and stabilizing agent because of its rich content of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids, and proteins. Moringa oleifera, also known as the “tree of life” or “miracle tree,” is classified as an important herbal plant due to its medicinal benefits. Traditionally, the plant is used to cure wounds, pain, ulcers, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, and inflammation. The review outlines different synthesis approaches and summarizes important characterization techniques used to determine particle size, shape, crystal structure, and surface properties involved in nanoparticle formation facilitated by Moringa oleifera extract. Existing challenges, such as issues related to large-scale production, consistency, and long-term stability, are also highlighted. Overall, this review demonstrates the potential of Moringa oleifera-based FeO, CuO and ZnO NPs as an eco-friendly and efficient solution for environmental applications.