ARCHIVES
Original Article
Juxtaposing Hinduism and Sarnaism: A Comparative Analysis
Pranay Adhikari1
1 Erstwhile Scholar, Department of Education, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
Published Online: March-April 2026
Pages: 81-85
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijrtmr.20260602013References
1. Ahmed, N. (2025). Religious beliefs and practices among the Santals of West Bengal: An ethnographic study. EPRA International Journal
of Research and Development (IJRD), 10(6), 481–485. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra22478
2. Archer, J. (2020). Prithvi Mata: Hindu perspectives on nature. Dev Sanskriti: Interdisciplinary International Journal, 15, 46–50.
https://doi.org/10.36018/dsiij.v15i.140
3. Babu, S. R. (2025). The religious and social significance of Hindu festivals. Journal of Novel Research and Innovative Development
(JNRID), 3(1). https://tijer.org/jnrid/papers/JNRID2501011.pdf
4. Bailey, J. (2024). Qualitative content analysis: Unpacking textual data for insights. Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques,
15(10), 1–13.
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https://sarcouncil.com/download-article/SJAL-100-2025-5-9.pdf
6. Chakraborty, P. (2018). Tribal religious beliefs and practices: an anthropological study on Kora-Mudi tribe. International Research Journal
of Social Sciences, 7(11), 12–16.
7. Chand, A. (2023). Castes, Rites and Rituals in Hinduism: An Analytical Insight. Asian Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies,
6(2), 112–124. https://journalajl2c.com/index.php/AJL2C/article/view/133
8. Civilsprep Editorial Team. (2024, January 3). Sarna religion and its forest conservation rituals. Civilsdaily.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/sarna-religion-and-its-forest-conservation-rituals/
9. Gairola, S. U. (2020). Review article on relation between Hinduism and environment: A Vedic approach. Asian Journal of Environment
& Ecology, 13(3), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2020/v13i330183
10. Gama, U. A. A., & Lima, P. R. (2019). A brief analysis of Hinduism and its spiritual precepts for the contribution of human faith.
Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal Knowledge Core. https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/science-of-religion/spiritual-precepts
11. Khan, M. A. (2024, January 2). Nature worshippers: How Sarna rituals propagate forest conservation to new generations & other
communities. Down To Earth. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/forests/nature-worshippers-how-sarna-rituals-propagate-forest-
conservation-to-new-generations-other-communities-93656
12. Khan, M. A., & Monika. (2023, December 19). The role of “Sarna” in forest conservation and wildfire prevention: An indigenous tribal
religion of India. LSE Religion and Global Society Blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/religionglobalsociety/2023/12/the-role-of-sarna-in-forest-
conservation-and-wildfire-prevention-an-indigenous-tribal-religion-of-india/
13. Munda, M. (2020). The Sarna religion of the Oraons of Jharkhand. The Database of Religious History.
https://religiondatabase.org/browse/973
14. Nayak, K., & Munda, S. (2023). Present situation of Sarna religion in the Ho tribe: Case study on Keonjhar district of Odisha. International
Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), 10(3), 776–783.
15. Rao, V. V., & Sampath, K. (2025). Sacred Trees in Hindu Texts: A Scientific Review of Ecological Benefits Described in the Skanda
Purana. International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation, 10(12), a61–a76.
16. Saha, S. (2023). Sociological Implication of the ‘Minor Deities’ in Hindu Doctrines-A Reflection on the Social Conditions. International
Journal of Research in Academic World, 2(6), 32–37.
17. Sarkar, B. P. (2021). Principles, beliefs and practices of Hinduism philosophy. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education,
13(2), 2215–2220.
18. Sarkar, S. (2017). A brief discussion on the four Purusarthas and its reflection in Sanskrit literature. International Journal of
Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS), 4(2), 47–51.
19. Sarnaism. (n.d.). Judgement Is Come. Retrieved from https://www.judgementiscome.com/home/ethnic-religions/sarnaism
20. Shil. C., (2025). Creation of Universe and Sarna Mythology: An Educational Aspect. Bharati International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research & Development (BIJMRD). 3(1) ,228-234.
21. Singh, M. (2023). Ancestral Worship among Hindus A Case Study of Select Villages from Jhajjar District in Haryana. Asian Resonance,
12(3). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012530
22. Sunkad, G. (2025). Threads of eternity: Exploring Hindu thought’s influence on contemporary morality, spiritual identity, and cultural
dialogue. Journal of Language, Literature, Social and Cultural Studies, 3(2), 197–208.
23. Wikipedia contributors. (2026). List of Hindu deities. In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hindu_deities.
of Research and Development (IJRD), 10(6), 481–485. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra22478
2. Archer, J. (2020). Prithvi Mata: Hindu perspectives on nature. Dev Sanskriti: Interdisciplinary International Journal, 15, 46–50.
https://doi.org/10.36018/dsiij.v15i.140
3. Babu, S. R. (2025). The religious and social significance of Hindu festivals. Journal of Novel Research and Innovative Development
(JNRID), 3(1). https://tijer.org/jnrid/papers/JNRID2501011.pdf
4. Bailey, J. (2024). Qualitative content analysis: Unpacking textual data for insights. Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques,
15(10), 1–13.
5. Bhardwaj, B. S. D. (2025). Hindu Philosophy as the Foundation of Modern Science. Sarcouncil Journal of Arts and Literature, 4(1), 5–9.
https://sarcouncil.com/download-article/SJAL-100-2025-5-9.pdf
6. Chakraborty, P. (2018). Tribal religious beliefs and practices: an anthropological study on Kora-Mudi tribe. International Research Journal
of Social Sciences, 7(11), 12–16.
7. Chand, A. (2023). Castes, Rites and Rituals in Hinduism: An Analytical Insight. Asian Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies,
6(2), 112–124. https://journalajl2c.com/index.php/AJL2C/article/view/133
8. Civilsprep Editorial Team. (2024, January 3). Sarna religion and its forest conservation rituals. Civilsdaily.
https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/sarna-religion-and-its-forest-conservation-rituals/
9. Gairola, S. U. (2020). Review article on relation between Hinduism and environment: A Vedic approach. Asian Journal of Environment
& Ecology, 13(3), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2020/v13i330183
10. Gama, U. A. A., & Lima, P. R. (2019). A brief analysis of Hinduism and its spiritual precepts for the contribution of human faith.
Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal Knowledge Core. https://www.nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/science-of-religion/spiritual-precepts
11. Khan, M. A. (2024, January 2). Nature worshippers: How Sarna rituals propagate forest conservation to new generations & other
communities. Down To Earth. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/forests/nature-worshippers-how-sarna-rituals-propagate-forest-
conservation-to-new-generations-other-communities-93656
12. Khan, M. A., & Monika. (2023, December 19). The role of “Sarna” in forest conservation and wildfire prevention: An indigenous tribal
religion of India. LSE Religion and Global Society Blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/religionglobalsociety/2023/12/the-role-of-sarna-in-forest-
conservation-and-wildfire-prevention-an-indigenous-tribal-religion-of-india/
13. Munda, M. (2020). The Sarna religion of the Oraons of Jharkhand. The Database of Religious History.
https://religiondatabase.org/browse/973
14. Nayak, K., & Munda, S. (2023). Present situation of Sarna religion in the Ho tribe: Case study on Keonjhar district of Odisha. International
Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), 10(3), 776–783.
15. Rao, V. V., & Sampath, K. (2025). Sacred Trees in Hindu Texts: A Scientific Review of Ecological Benefits Described in the Skanda
Purana. International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation, 10(12), a61–a76.
16. Saha, S. (2023). Sociological Implication of the ‘Minor Deities’ in Hindu Doctrines-A Reflection on the Social Conditions. International
Journal of Research in Academic World, 2(6), 32–37.
17. Sarkar, B. P. (2021). Principles, beliefs and practices of Hinduism philosophy. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education,
13(2), 2215–2220.
18. Sarkar, S. (2017). A brief discussion on the four Purusarthas and its reflection in Sanskrit literature. International Journal of
Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies (IJIMS), 4(2), 47–51.
19. Sarnaism. (n.d.). Judgement Is Come. Retrieved from https://www.judgementiscome.com/home/ethnic-religions/sarnaism
20. Shil. C., (2025). Creation of Universe and Sarna Mythology: An Educational Aspect. Bharati International Journal of Multidisciplinary
Research & Development (BIJMRD). 3(1) ,228-234.
21. Singh, M. (2023). Ancestral Worship among Hindus A Case Study of Select Villages from Jhajjar District in Haryana. Asian Resonance,
12(3). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012530
22. Sunkad, G. (2025). Threads of eternity: Exploring Hindu thought’s influence on contemporary morality, spiritual identity, and cultural
dialogue. Journal of Language, Literature, Social and Cultural Studies, 3(2), 197–208.
23. Wikipedia contributors. (2026). List of Hindu deities. In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hindu_deities.
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