ARCHIVES

Original Article

The Impact of Remote Work on Employee Productivity and Well-being: A Comparative Study of Tech and Non- Tech Industries with Integrated Workforce Development Perspectives

Anoop P.S1 Abin Abraham2 Arun K Saseendran3 Reno Mathew Johnson4 Biju M.K5
1 Research Scholar, School of Management and Business Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam, Kerala, India. 2 Research Scholar, School of Gandhian Thought and Development Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam, Kerala, India. 3 Associate Professor Sree Narayana Arts and Science College, Kumarakom, Kerala, India. 4 Student, Master of Social work, Inter University Centre for Disability Studies (IUCDS), Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India. 5 Assistant Professor, School of Management and Business Studies, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam, Kerala, India.

Published Online: November-December 2025

Pages: 115-126

References

1. Abraham, A., Anoop, P. S., Johnson, R. M., Saseendran, A. K., & Biju, M. K. (2025). Determinants of health-related quality of life in
elderly in Kerala. Mental Health, 67, 25-1.
2. American Psychological Association. (2022). Remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic: How do digital technology use affects
mental fatigue, psychological distress and well-being? Safety and Health at Work, 13, S166–
S174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2021.12.1271
3. Anoop, P. S., & Biju, M. K. (2022). Impact of ICT in rural financial wellbeing through farming tourism. In Reimagining Business
Education and Industry in 2030 (p. 93).
4. Anoop, P. S., & Biju, M. K. (2025). Sustainable financial behavior and its determinants from an individual's perspective: a literature
synthesis. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Management, 10(12), 1-2.
5. Anoop, P. S., & Keerthy, T. R. Widening disparities among powerful and powerless: A comparative study between tribals and general
community.
6. Anoop, P. S., Abraham, A., Johnson, R. M., Saseendran, A. K., & Biju, M. K. (2025). The impact of artificial intelligence on job
displacement and skill requirements: A study of the manufacturing sector.
7. Anoop, P. S., Biju, M. K., Sujith, P. S., & Keerthy, T. R. (2025). Enhancing cardamom price forecasting: Integration of XG Boost Model
for a robust ensemble model. South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 22(10), 181-197.
8. Bloom, N., Liang, J., Simmons, J., & Ying, I. (2015). Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment. The Quarterly
Journal of Economics, 130(1), 165-218.
9. Butler, J. (2022). The remote, the hybrid, and the in person -- The post COVID workplace. Post COVID Workplace Journal, 1(1), 14-28.
10. Chung, H., & Lim, S. (2024). Hybrid working from home improves retention without damaging performance. Nature Human
Behaviour, 8(6), 1265-1274.
11. Clarke, C. (2019). COVID-19, digitization and hybrid workspaces: A critical inflection point for public sector governance and workforce
development. Public Administration Review, 82(4), 651-670.
12. Deco, M., Petani, F., & Mengis, J. (2023). Hidden costs, visible challenges: Diagnosing the dysfunctions that lead to hidden costs in
hybrid work models of ICT companies. Information Systems Management, 40(3), 281-298.
13. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. (2023). Does remote work make people happy? Effects of flexibilization of work location and working
hours on happiness at work and affective commitment in the German banking sector. International Journal of Environmental Research
and Public Health, 19(15), 9117–9132.
14. Gewin, V. (2021). Pandemic burnout is rife in academia. Nature, 591(7851), 489-491.
15. Gewin, V. (2022). Remote and isolated work campaigns and their mental health impacts on aquatic scientists. Limnology and
Oceanography Bulletin, 31(1), 8-12.
16. Ghasemi, M., & Abadi, N. (2024). Working from home: Impact on wellbeing and work-life balance. New Zealand Journal of Educational
Research, 46(3), 215-234.
17. Girard, A., Renault, A., & Yudenko, M. (2024). Investigating the role of remote working on employees' performance and well-being: An
evidence-based systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12373–12389.
18. Goldberg, S., Liao, R., Berinato, S., & Barrero, J. (2024). In-person, hybrid or remote? Employers' perspectives on the future of work
post-pandemic. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 29(2), 125-142.
19. Hadjielias, E., Christofi, M., & Tarba, S. (2022). Digitalization as a strategic tool for organizational effectiveness in crisis times: Evidence
from the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 31(2), 101702.
20. Harness, D., Head, M., & Cameron, R. (2024). Remote work implications on productivity of workers in the Saudi financial
sector. International Review of Business Research Papers, 19(1), 22-41.
21. Hennessy, R., Schlagwein, D., & Korn, A. (2023). How does working from home affect developer productivity? A case study of Baidu
during the COVID-19 pandemic. IEEE Software, 40(2), 44-51.
22. Hertel, G., Geister, S., & Konradt, U. (2005). Managing virtual teams: A review of current empirical research. Journal of
Management, 31(6), 805-835.
23. Hisao, N., Sakuda, M., & Yuan, S. (2023). The relationship between remote work and employee productivity in a tech company. Journal
of Applied Research in Digital Economy, 4(2), 112-128.
24. Hung, K., Tan, B., & Loh, X. (2024). The impact of remote work on employee productivity and well-being: A comparative study of pre-
and post-COVID-19 era. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development, 7(2), 89-107.
25. Johnson, R. M., Saseendran, A. K., Abraham, A., Anoop, P. S., & Biju, M. K. (2025). Who is left behind? Intersectional barriers in
women's empowerment programs in emerging economies.
26. Kaplan, S., Cortina, J., Ruark, G., LaPort, K., & Nicolaides, V. (2014). The role of organizational culture and leadership in remote and
hybrid work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(6), 1157-1180.
27. Kovar, K., Thompson, P., & Jackson, R. (2023). Investigating the impact of remote working on employees' performance and well-being:
Evidence-based systematic review. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 36(4), 451-468.
28. Küfeoğlu, P. (2022). Flexible work arrangements in enhancing employee well-being and productivity: A study on SDG 8 implementation
in tech companies. Sustainability Development Journal, 14(5), 2829.
29. Laroche, L., & Hamilton, R. (2024). Experiencing hybrid work: A multi-sited study of remote and in-office work
arrangements. Organization Studies, 45(3), 402-426.
30. Liao, Y., Hong, P., & Ren, S. (2022). Leadership behaviour, team effectiveness, technological flexibility, work engagement and
performance during COVID-19 lockdown: An exploratory study. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 48, e1829.31. Malodia, S., Bhattacharjee, S., & Singh, P. (2023). Exquisite tactics for fostering employee engagement in remote workscapes. Journal of
Strategic Management Studies, 15(4), 245-268.
32. Marques, T., & Ferreira, J. (2024). Remote work and employee productivity: Post-pandemic strategic HR perspectives. International
Journal of Educational Research and Development, 3(2), 156-174.
33. Mattarelli, E., & Tagliaventi, M. (2023). Understanding cyber hostility, gossip, exclusion, and social support in remote and hybrid work
settings: Benefits and challenges of remote work. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 32(1), 1-28.
34. MDPI. (2023). The impact of work-from-home on employee performance and productivity: A systematic review. Sustainability, 15(5),
4529–4545.
35. Montreuil, V., & Dextras-Gauthier, J. (2021). Remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic: How do digital technology use affects
mental fatigue, psychological distress and well-being? Safety and Health at Work, 13(1), 42-53.
36. Nakrošienė, A., Bučiūnienė, I., & Goštautaitė, B. (2019). Co-workers working from home and individual and team performance. New
Technology, Work and Employment, 34(3), 1-27.
37. Nicholls, W., Thomas, K., & Sheridan, S. (2022). The psychological impacts of remote work on employee well-being. Journal of
Organizational Psychology, 42(3), 189-207.
38. Oppong Peprah, E. (2023). Hybrid work for small businesses: Strategies for reaping benefits. Journal of Business Studies, 45(1), 41-47.
39. Petani, F., & Mengis, J. (2023). Hidden costs, visible challenges: Diagnosing the dysfunctions that lead to hidden costs in hybrid work
models. Information Systems Management, 40(2), 181-205.
40. Qahtani, H., & Al-Qahtani, A. (2025). Impact of individual and professional factors on the mental health of employees working remotely:
Russian companies' evidence. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 38(2), 1-18.
41. Raghavan, M., Singh, P., & Sharma, A. (2024). Smart work, smart life: Impact of remote work on women in the IT sector. Lex Localis -
Journal of Local Self-Government, 24(3), 456-478.
42. Remote Work Revolution. (2024). Exploring the remote work revolution: A managerial view of the tech sector's response to the new
normal. International Journal of Contemporary Management, 23(9), 34-52.
43. Roy, K. (2013). The future of public sector management: Workforce development and hybrid workspaces. Government Administration
Review, 28(4), 312-331.
44. Rubino, C., Volpone, S., & Grandey, A. (2016). Telecommuting effects on stress in the United States labor force. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 101(6), 937-949.
45. Sadow, R., & Wirt, R. (2024). Psychosocial working conditions and mental well-being of remote and stationary employees: A longitudinal
study. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 38(2), 245-268.
46. Savall, H., & Zardet, V. (2010). Mastering hidden costs and socio-economic performance. Journal of Organizational Change
Management, 23(2), 141-161.
47. Saseendran, A. K., Johnson, R. M., Anoop, P. S., Abraham, A., & Biju, M. K. (2025). The impact of workplace flexibility on financial
well-being and employee productivity in the finance and banking sector: A comprehensive study.
48. Shah, R., & Kumar, P. (2024). The role of remote work in enhancing employee productivity: Evidence from the US-based tech industry
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Emerging Business Studies, 4(2), 78-95.
49. Shin, D., & Williams, K. (2023). Virtual team building for mental health: Creating psychological safety in digital environments. Social
Works Review, 12(3), 189-207.
50. Søndergaard Pedersen, M., Ulvested, M., & Lund, T. (2024). The impact of telework on mental health: A secondary analysis of the 2023
BelHealth survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(10), 1324-1342.
51. Springer, A., & Koch, V. (2023). The relationship between remote work and employee productivity in a tech company. Journal of Digital
Transformation, 8(2), 112-134.
52. Taube, S., & Wilhelm, T. (2024). Remote work and human resource management: Challenges and solutions. World Journal of Applied
Research and Reviews, 15(4), 445-467.
53. Toscano, F., & Zappalà, S. (2021). Remote work decreases psychological and physical stress responses, but full-remote work increases
presenteeism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7427–7438.
54. Vasic, M., & Marjanovič, M. (2023). The role of flexible work arrangements in enhancing employee well-being and productivity: A study
on SDG 8 implementation in tech companies. International Journal of Organizational Studies, 19(4), 501-524.
55. Warmate, B., Jackson, R., & Thompson, S. (2021). Employee flexibility and organizational outcomes in technology and non-technology
sectors. Journal of Management Research, 21(3), 234-258.
56. Woolston, C. (2020). Nature careers: Academia burnout is a burnout in waiting. Nature, 587(7833), 129-132.
57. Workplace Technology Solutions. (2024). Remote work in IT: Benefits, challenges and future directions. Software and Information
Journal, 11(3), 234-251.
58. Yun, H., Zhang, J., & Park, S. (2024). The impact of remote work on employee engagement and organizational culture in the post-
pandemic computational perspective. IEEE Access, 13(3), 45678-45695.
59. Zaharee, M., & Gilaninia, S. (2023). Remote work implications on productivity of workers in the Saudi financial sector. Journal of
Business Review, 23(1), 89-107.
60. Zhang, S., Moeckel, R., & Moreno, A. (2022). The relationship of remote work between productivity and employee well-being in tech
industry. Electronic International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 2(3), 45-68

Related Articles

2025

Exploring Mathematical Concepts in Ramcharit Manas: A Unique Perspective on Navadha Bhakti

2025

ARMOIRE An Augmented Reality Fashion Try On

2025

Sign Vision AI powered sign language Recognition

2025

Drowzy Alert AI Powered Driver Fatigue Detection

2025

Beauty Care Shopping using 3D Modelling

2025

Tryfitai Realtime Outfit Visualisation

Share Article

X
LinkedIn
Facebook
WhatsApp

Or copy link

https://www.ijrtmr.com/archives/10.59256/ijrtmr.20250506015

*Instagram doesn't support direct link sharing from web. Copy the link and share it in your Instagram story or post.