ARCHIVES
Original Article
Synergistic Effect of pH Regulators on Improvement of Apatite Flotation Performance
Kyong Ju Kim1
Kwang Sok Jong2
Chang Il Kim3
1 2 3 Faculty of Mining Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea.
Published Online: September-October 2025
Pages: 73-81
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijrtmr.20250505013
References
1. National Antti, B. M., Forssberg, E., Pulp chemistry in industrial mineral flotation. Studies of surface complex on calcite and apatite surfaces using FTIR spectroscopy. Minerals Engineering. 1989; 2(2): 217-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875 (89).
2. Artem’ev, A.V., Mitrofanova, G.V. Applicability of the Suspension Effect in Estimation of Influence Exerted by Ionic Composition of Flotation Pulp on Apatite Surface. J Min Sci. 2023; 59: 821–827. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739123050149.
3. Derqaoui, M., Aarab, I., Abidi, A., Review of the reagents used in the direct flotation of phosphate ores. Arab J Geo sci. 2022; 15: 49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09293-4.
4. Dos Santos, M. A., Santana, R. C., Capponi, F., et al. Effect of ionic species on the performance of apatite flotation. Separation and Purification Technology. 2010; 76: 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2010.09.014.
5. Feng, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Wang. H., Gao, Z., Mechanism of calcium lignosulfonate in apatite and dolomite flotation system. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials. 2022; 29: 1697–1704.
6. Irannajad, M., Ejtemaei, M., Gharabaghi, M., The effect of reagents on selective flotation of smithsonite–calcite–quartz. Minerals Engineering. 2009; 22(9-10): 766-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2009.01.012.
7. Jasinski, S. M., Phosphate rock. 2010 minerals yearbook. Geological Survey. USA. 2011.
8. Kondrat’ev, S.A., Tsitsilina, D.M., Selectivity of Calcium-Bearing Mineral Flotation with Oxyhydryl Collector. J Min Sci. 2023; 59: 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739123020114.
9. Nanthakumar, B., Grimm, D., Pawlik, M., Anionic flotation of high-iron phosphate ores—Control of process water chemistry and depression of iron minerals by starch and guar gum. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2009; 92(1-2): 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2009.02.003.
10. Ozkan, S. G., Acar, A., Investigation of impact of water type on borate ore flotation. Water research. 2004; 38(7): 1773-1778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.036.
11. Ruan,Y., Zhang, Z., Luo, H., Xiao, C., Zhou, F., Chi, R, Effects of Metal Ions on the Flotation of Apatite, Dolomite and Quartz. Minerals. 2018; 8(4): 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8040141.
12. Sis, H., Chander, S., Improving froth characteristics and flotation recovery of phosphate ores with nonionic surfactants. Minerals engineering. 2003; 16(7): 587-595. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6975 (03)00137-7.
13. Shi, Q., Feng, Q., Zhang, G., et al. A novel method to improve depressants actions on calcite flotation. Minerals Engineering. 2014; 55: 186-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2013.10.010.
14. Shi, Q., Zhang, G., Feng, Q., Effect of the lattice ions on the calcite flotation in presence of Zn (II). Minerals Engineering. 2013; 40: 24-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2012.09.016.
15. Shi, Q., Zhang, G., Feng, Q., Effect of solution chemistry on the flotation system of smithsonite and calcite. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2013; 119: 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2012.12.011.
16. Stén, P., Parvinen, P., Miettinen, M., et al. On-line analysis of flotation process waters at Siilinjärvi (Finland) apatite concentrating plant. Minerals engineering. 2003; 16(3): 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875 (03)00013-X.
17. Smasundaran, P., Zhang, L., Role of Surface Chemistry of Phosphate in Its Beneficiationin the Book entitled of" Beneficiation of Phosphates. Advances in Research and Practice," Edited by Zhang, P., El-Shall, H., and Wiegel, R., published by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. 1999: 141-154.
18. Wang, Z., Feng, B., Chen, Y. Flotation separation depressants for scheelite and calcium-bearing minerals: A review. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 2023 ; 30: 1621–1632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2613-x.
2. Artem’ev, A.V., Mitrofanova, G.V. Applicability of the Suspension Effect in Estimation of Influence Exerted by Ionic Composition of Flotation Pulp on Apatite Surface. J Min Sci. 2023; 59: 821–827. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739123050149.
3. Derqaoui, M., Aarab, I., Abidi, A., Review of the reagents used in the direct flotation of phosphate ores. Arab J Geo sci. 2022; 15: 49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-09293-4.
4. Dos Santos, M. A., Santana, R. C., Capponi, F., et al. Effect of ionic species on the performance of apatite flotation. Separation and Purification Technology. 2010; 76: 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2010.09.014.
5. Feng, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Wang. H., Gao, Z., Mechanism of calcium lignosulfonate in apatite and dolomite flotation system. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials. 2022; 29: 1697–1704.
6. Irannajad, M., Ejtemaei, M., Gharabaghi, M., The effect of reagents on selective flotation of smithsonite–calcite–quartz. Minerals Engineering. 2009; 22(9-10): 766-771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2009.01.012.
7. Jasinski, S. M., Phosphate rock. 2010 minerals yearbook. Geological Survey. USA. 2011.
8. Kondrat’ev, S.A., Tsitsilina, D.M., Selectivity of Calcium-Bearing Mineral Flotation with Oxyhydryl Collector. J Min Sci. 2023; 59: 283–291. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062739123020114.
9. Nanthakumar, B., Grimm, D., Pawlik, M., Anionic flotation of high-iron phosphate ores—Control of process water chemistry and depression of iron minerals by starch and guar gum. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2009; 92(1-2): 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2009.02.003.
10. Ozkan, S. G., Acar, A., Investigation of impact of water type on borate ore flotation. Water research. 2004; 38(7): 1773-1778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.12.036.
11. Ruan,Y., Zhang, Z., Luo, H., Xiao, C., Zhou, F., Chi, R, Effects of Metal Ions on the Flotation of Apatite, Dolomite and Quartz. Minerals. 2018; 8(4): 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8040141.
12. Sis, H., Chander, S., Improving froth characteristics and flotation recovery of phosphate ores with nonionic surfactants. Minerals engineering. 2003; 16(7): 587-595. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6975 (03)00137-7.
13. Shi, Q., Feng, Q., Zhang, G., et al. A novel method to improve depressants actions on calcite flotation. Minerals Engineering. 2014; 55: 186-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2013.10.010.
14. Shi, Q., Zhang, G., Feng, Q., Effect of the lattice ions on the calcite flotation in presence of Zn (II). Minerals Engineering. 2013; 40: 24-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2012.09.016.
15. Shi, Q., Zhang, G., Feng, Q., Effect of solution chemistry on the flotation system of smithsonite and calcite. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 2013; 119: 34-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2012.12.011.
16. Stén, P., Parvinen, P., Miettinen, M., et al. On-line analysis of flotation process waters at Siilinjärvi (Finland) apatite concentrating plant. Minerals engineering. 2003; 16(3): 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875 (03)00013-X.
17. Smasundaran, P., Zhang, L., Role of Surface Chemistry of Phosphate in Its Beneficiationin the Book entitled of" Beneficiation of Phosphates. Advances in Research and Practice," Edited by Zhang, P., El-Shall, H., and Wiegel, R., published by Society of Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. 1999: 141-154.
18. Wang, Z., Feng, B., Chen, Y. Flotation separation depressants for scheelite and calcium-bearing minerals: A review. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 2023 ; 30: 1621–1632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2613-x.
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